摘要：Background: Survivors of life-endangering trauma use varying resources that help them to recover. Attachment system activates in the times of distress, and is expected to associate with stress responses, arousal regulation, and mental health.Objective: We examined the associations of attachment style with posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) symptoms and dissociative symptoms, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among students exposed to a school shooting in Finland in a three-wave follow-up setting.Method: Participants were students (Mage=24.9 years; 95% female) who were followed 4 (T1, N=236), 16 (T2, N=180), and 28 months (T3, N=137) after the shooting. The assessments included the Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale, part of the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory.Results: Securely attached survivors had lower levels of posttraumatic stress and dissociative symptoms than preoccupied at T1 and T2 as hypothesized. At T3 survivors with avoidant attachment style had higher levels of intrusive and hyperarousal symptoms than those with secure style. Concerning PTG, survivors with avoidant attachment style scored lower in PTG at T3 than survivors with both secure and preoccupied style.Conclusion: Secure attachment style was beneficial in trauma recovery. A challenge to the health care systems is to acknowledge that survivors with preoccupied and avoidant attachment styles react uniquely to trauma, and thus need help in different doses, modalities, and timings.Keywords: Attachment style; school violence; dissociation; posttraumatic stress symptoms; posttraumatic growthResponsible Editor: Grete Dyb, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, NKVTS, Norway.For the abstract or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files in the column to the right (under Article Tools)This paper is part of the Special Issue: Understanding terror and violence in the lives of children and adolescents. More papers from this issue can be found at http://www.eurojnlofpsychotraumatol.net(Published: 2 July 2014)Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2014, 5: 22728 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.22728A Corrigendum has been published for this paper. Please see http://www.ejpt.net/index.php/ejpt/article/view/26871
关键词：Attachment style; school violence; dissociation; posttraumatic stress symptoms; posttraumatic growth
