摘要：This paper reviews the eco-psychological field in the contexts of recent queer ecological work, and of Foucault’s History of madness. I propose that psychology’s normative presuppositions about ‘nature’ and ‘human nature’ could constrain its capacity for ecological application unless self-reflexive, critical or queer theoretical approaches are applied. Morton’s and Mortimer-Sandilands’s queer ecologies use Butlerian notions of ‘gender melancholy’ to suggest a human subjectivity characterised by foreclosed ‘environmental melancholy’. This is considered in the light of Lynne Huffer’s claim that Butlerian queer theory’s reliance on ‘psychoanalytic Foucauldianism’ is based on a misreading of Foucault’s critique of psychoanalysis. Whilst sympathetic to Huffer’s view that psychoanalysis institutes psychic interiority through self surveillance, I conclude that she doesn’t adequately account for Foucault’s theorisation of resistance to power, which was evident within psychoanalytic discourse from the outset. Further, I argue that History of madness not only traces the coming into being of the modern psychologised subject, but also reveals a history of animality through the shifting conceptions of the sexual, the bestial and the natural. The mad and the sexually deviant, initially equated with animals at the time of the great confinement, were later, through the instatement of psychological treatment regimes, associated with specifically human psychopathologies. I conclude that the ejection of animality from madness was coterminous with the coming into being of human interiorised subjectivity, and that psychoanalysis constructed the Freudian heteronormative human family at the site of the primal scene, through the exclusion of meanings relating to nonhuman others.
