摘要：Índice Introducción Factores naturales Los factores urbanos Métodos y técnicas Inundaciones en Florianópolis y Valparaíso Conclusiones Referencias bibliográficas Resumen Los desastres naturales, como inundaciones y derrumbes afectan permanentemente a las ciudades ubicadas en el Centro Sur del continente sudamericano. Este trabajo analiza los factores climáticos y urbanos que han sido indicados como responsables respecto a la ocurrencia y gravedad de episodios registrados en Florianópolis y Valparaíso, ciudades costeras, localizadas en latitudes subtropicales, ubicadas sobre complejos sistemas orográficos y sometidas a rápidos procesos de expansión de sus superficies urbanas. La relación entre ocurrencia de fenómenos El Niño e inundaciones graduales y bruscas se asocia con las transformaciones en las tasas de impermeabilización provocadas por los cambios de usos y coberturas de la tierra. La mayoría de las inundaciones han ocurrido durante años El Niño, pero también se han registrado en años La Niña y neutrales. La información analizada y los pronósticos de comportamiento de las lluvias como consecuencia de los cambios climáticos señalan una situación de alta irregularidad e imposibilidad de predicción, por lo que las medidas de mitigación y adaptación descansan necesariamente en la planificación y gestión adecuada de los espacios urbanos. Abstract Natural disasters such as floods and landslides affecting permanently to cities located in South Central South American continent. This paper examines the climate and urban have been indicated as responsible for the occurrence and severity of episodes recorded in Florianopolis and Valparaiso, coastal towns, located in subtropical latitudes, located on complex geographic systems and processes subject to rapid expansion of its urban areas. The relationship between occurrence of El Niño and flooding gradual and abrupt changes associated with waterproofing rates caused by changes in use and land cover. Most floods have occurred during El Niño years, but have also been recorded in neutral and La Niña years. The information analyzed and forecasts of rainfall behavior as a result of climate change indicate a situation of high irregularity and unpredictability, so that mitigation and adaptation necessarily lie in planning and proper management of urban spaces.
其他摘要：Natural disasters such as floods and landslides affecting permanently to cities located in South Central South American continent. This paper examines the climate and urban have been indicated as responsible for the occurrence and severity of episodes recorded in Florianopolis and Valparaiso, coastal towns, located in subtropical latitudes, located on complex geographic systems and processes subject to rapid expansion of its urban areas. The relationship between occurrence of El Niño and flooding gradual and abrupt changes associated with waterproofing rates caused by changes in use and land cover. Most floods have occurred during El Niño years, but have also been recorded in neutral and La Niña years. The information analyzed and forecasts of rainfall behavior as a result of climate change indicate a situation of high irregularity and unpredictability, so that mitigation and adaptation necessarily lie in planning and proper management of urban spaces.
关键词：Inundaciones / Cambio climático / El Niño / Planificación ambiental urbana
