摘要：Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} In this article, we present a synthesis of archaeobotanical studies from pre- Columbian wetland agricultural sites in lowland South America. We summarize the evidence obtained through the study of macro- and microbotanical remains recovered from agricultural features, as well as archaeological habitation sites and lacustrine sediments associated with them. Analysis of the data show that a broad diversity of plants were cultivated on raised and drained fields, and consumed at associated habitation sites, including: a) maize, b) tubers and root crops such as manioc, sweet potato, yam, and possibly cocoyam, Cannaceae, and Marantaceae taxa, c) vegetables such as peanut and squash, d) fruits such as palms, and probably icaco, passion fruit, and guava, e) industrial cultivars such as cotton and possibly pigment sources like indigo and achiote, and suggested f) medicinal, stimulant, and hallucinogenic herbs such as mate, coca, and yopo. Results show that maize was likely the most important domesticated plant. We argue that intensive maize agriculture on raised or drained fields, along with other complimentary subsistence activities, was able to sustain the large populations in the lowlands of South America who transformed the landscape on a large scale during the late Holocene. Keywords: Zea mays , pre-Columbian agriculture, South American Lowlands
