期刊名称：Revibec: revista iberoamericana de economía ecológica
印刷版ISSN：1390-2776
出版年度：2008
卷号：7
页码：43-60
语种：Spanish
出版社：Revibec: revista iberoamericana de economía ecológica
摘要：There are currently some 109,000 protected natural areas around the world, representing 11.5% of the land on the planet (WDPA 2005). An important portion of these protected areas overlap or are surrounded by territories belonging to indigenous peoples. This phenomenon is the result of a close correlation at the global scale between areas of greatest biological richness and indigenous territories. Given this correlation, there is a growing interest in the implementation of studies focusing on the biological and ecological impacts of local communities on the protected natural areas in which they coexist or over which they reign and, especially, of the communities productive practices and subsistence strategies. The Bosawás Biosphere Reserve (BBR) in Nicaragua covers close to 8,000 square kilometers and is inhabited and/or surrounded by indigenous populations and families of mestizo settlers. Recent studies of the impact of indigenous and mestizo land use within the RBB have found that deforestation by indigenous Miskitu and Mayangna communities is lower than that by mestizo families (Smith 2003; Lugo 2006 y Stocks et al. 2007). To understand the causes of this relatively low impact by indigenous residents in the RBB, this study examines the productive activities of 14 Miskitu and Mayangna communities in one of the six territories of the region (Kipla Sait Tasbaika), precisely where deforestation rates are lowest. We use the social metabolism concept which provides a conceptual framework and methodology with which to analyze flows of energy, moneys, and goods and services. An evaluation of practices implemented in indigenous households reveals the adoption of a multiple-use strategy in which family subsistence rests on an entire array of activities (farming, hunting, fishing, gathering and traditional extracting of gold), a high number of useful species, landscape mosaics, and a minimum of areas transformed for agriculture and cattle raising. The article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the indigenous multiple-use strategy, offering elements for its reinforcement and improvement, and suggesting its recognition as an autochthonous conservation mechanism for the protected area. We finally propose that the indigenous communities participate as co-managers of the RBB (participatory conservation).
其他摘要：There are currently some 109,000 protected natural areas around the world, representing 11.5% of the land on the planet (WDPA 2005). An important portion of these protected areas overlap or are surrounded by territories belonging to indigenous peoples. This phenomenon is the result of a close correlation at the global scale between areas of greatest biological richness and indigenous territories. Given this correlation, there is a growing interest in the implementation of studies focusing on the biological and ecological impacts of local communities on the protected natural areas in which they coexist or over which they reign and, especially, of the communities productive practices and subsistence strategies. The Bosawás Biosphere Reserve (BBR) in Nicaragua covers close to 8,000 square kilometers and is inhabited and/or surrounded by indigenous populations and families of mestizo settlers. Recent studies of the impact of indigenous and mestizo land use within the RBB have found that deforestation by indigenous Miskitu and Mayangna communities is lower than that by mestizo families (Smith 2003; Lugo 2006 y Stocks et al. 2007). To understand the causes of this relatively low impact by indigenous residents in the RBB, this study examines the productive activities of 14 Miskitu and Mayangna communities in one of the six territories of the region (Kipla Sait Tasbaika), precisely where deforestation rates are lowest. We use the social metabolism concept which provides a conceptual framework and methodology with which to analyze flows of energy, moneys, and goods and services. An evaluation of practices implemented in indigenous households reveals the adoption of a multiple-use strategy in which family subsistence rests on an entire array of activities (farming, hunting, fishing, gathering and traditional extracting of gold), a high number of useful species, landscape mosaics, and a minimum of areas transformed for agriculture and cattle raising. The article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the indigenous multiple-use strategy, offering elements for its reinforcement and improvement, and suggesting its recognition as an autochthonous conservation mechanism for the protected area. We finally propose that the indigenous communities participate as co-managers of the RBB (participatory conservation).
