期刊名称：Ethnology: An International Journal of Cultural and Social Anthropology
印刷版ISSN：2160-3510
出版年度：2008
卷号：47
期号：1
页码：23-43
语种：English
出版社：University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Being “modern” is an aspiration for many in sub-Saharan Africa and entails certain widely held expectations regarding material living conditions and social status. Using ethnographic and survey data on female fertility from two commu-nities of southern Nigeria, this article describes some of the ways women are becoming modern and analyzes the forces behind these changes. The discussion includes education, initiation rites, premarital pregnancy, marriage, and the influence of Pentecostal Christianity. In agreement with modernization theory, there is a trend toward women becoming more educated and autonomous. They also increasingly valorize monogamy, companionate marriage, smaller families, and inclusion in the formal economy. In contradiction to the expectations of modernization theory, there is no decline in supernatural beliefs. Contemporary Christian churches are important to women becoming modern by helping them develop networks through voluntary associations, responding to women’s aspira-tions for material goods, alleviating kin obligations, and encouraging personal spiritual advancement.
