摘要：Context. Heavy elements, even though they are a smaller constituent, are
crucial to understand the formation history of Jupiter. Interior models are used to
determine the amount of heavy elements in the interior of Jupiter, but this range is still
subject to degeneracies because of the uncertainties in the equations of state.
Aims. Before Juno mission data arrive, we present optimized calculations
for Jupiter that explore the effect of different model parameters on the determination of
the core and the mass of heavy elements of Jupiter. We compare recently published
equations of state.
Methods. The interior model of Jupiter was calculated from the equations
of hydrostatic equilibrium, mass, and energy conservation, and energy transport. The mass
of the core and heavy elements was adjusted to match the observed radius and gravitational
moments of Jupiter.
Results. We show that the determination of the interior structure of
Jupiter is tied to the estimation of its gravitational moments and the accuracy of
equations of state of hydrogen, helium, and heavy elements. Locating the region where
helium rain occurs and defining its timescale is important to determine the distribution
of heavy elements and helium in the interior of Jupiter. We show that the differences
found when modeling the interior of Jupiter with recent EOS are more likely due to
differences in the internal energy and entropy calculation. The consequent changes in the
thermal profile lead to different estimates of the mass of the core and heavy elements,
which explains differences in recently published interior models of Jupiter.
Conclusions. Our results help clarify the reasons for the differences
found in interior models of Jupiter and will help interpreting upcoming Juno data.
关键词：planets and satellites: interiors;planets and satellites: individual: Jupiter;equation of state
