摘要：For more than a century, youth crime policies have oscillated between periods of more lenient treatment and harsher punishment. Justice officials and the public alternatively attributed high crime rates either to ";soft"; rehabilitative policies and advocated ";tougher"; sanctions, or to excessively harsh penalties that failed adequately to treat youths. A century ago, Progressive reformers combined a more modern construction of childhood with a more scientific conception of socialcontrol to create a judicial-welfare alternative and to remove children from the adult criminal process. 2 They used juvenile courts to assimilate, ";Americanize,"; and control ";other people's"; children.
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