摘要：The article discusses the controversy between Pope John XXII and the Franciscan Order concerning Franciscan poverty. It examines the concept of factual use and its relationships to natural law in the writings of Bonaventure of Bagnoregio, John Duns Scotus and Tractatus de paupertate Christi et apostolorum by Bonagratia of Bergamo. The article then studies the Papal Bulls of John XXII concerning Franciscan poverty, expecially Quia vir reprobus, which introduces the theme of Christ’s regality. This is discussed in two Franciscan studies, Improbatio by Francis of Esculo, and Appellatio magna monacensis, attributed to Bonagratia.
