期刊名称：Investigación en Enfermería: Imagen y Desarrollo
印刷版ISSN：2027-128X
出版年度：2009
卷号：11
期号：1
页码：97-114
语种：Portuguese
出版社：Pontificia Universidad Javeriana - Facultad de Enfermería
摘要：Los objetivos que se plantearon para la presente investigación fueron: conocer la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol, explicar la relación existente entre los factores de riesgo personales (demográfico y laboral) y el consumo de alcohol y dar a conocer el vínculo de los factores de riesgo psicosociales (autoestima, eventos estresantes y estados de ánimo afectivos) con el consumo de alcohol en 440 mujeres adultas del área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, durante el 2007. Este es un estudio de tipo descriptivo, correlacional, donde el 75% de la muestra señaló haber consumido alcohol alguna vez en la vida; también el 64.5% de las mujeres refirió haberlo hecho en el último año. Con relación a la prevalencia de alcohol en el último mes, se señala una proporción del 26,4% en las participantes. Se encontró una diferencia significativa de la edad (X2 = 6,29; p=0,043), estado civil (H= 47,30; p<0,001), ocupación (U=6761,0; p=0,001) y tipo de trabajo (x2= 18,43; p=0,005) según el consumo de alcohol de las mujeres, de acuerdo con la escala TWEAK. Dado lo anterior, los factores personales que pueden predecir el consumo de alcohol en una persona en un 39,8% son: el estado marital (B= 0.414; p=0,036) y la edad de inicio del consumo de alcohol (B=-0,431; p=0,001). Entre tanto, los factores psicosociales que pueden influir en un 19.5% de las mujeres entrevistadas son la autoestima (B=-5,63E-02; p=0,003) y los eventos estresantes (B=0,167E-02; p=0,029). ABSTRACTThe objectives raised in the present study were to know the alcohol consumption prevalence; to explain the existing effects of personal risk factors (demographic and labor) with alcohol consumption. To explain the effects that exist of the psychosocial risk factors (that include:self-esteem, stress events and the affective mood) with alcohol consumption in 440 adult women, of the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, during the year of the 2007, for that it was carried out a descriptive and correlational type study. It was observed that 75% of the sample, referred to consume alcohol sometime in life, as well as 64.5% of women referred to consume alcohol in the last year, in relationship to the alcohol prevalence in the last month a proportion of 26.4% is pointed out in the participants. It was found a significant difference of the age (X2=6.29, p=0.043), marital status (H=47.30, p<0.001), occupation (U=6761.0, p=0.001), type or work (X2= 18.43, p=0.005) for the alcohol consumption in women according to the TWEAK scale. It is observed that the personal factors that can predict that a person consummates alcohol in 39.8% are the marital status (B=-.414, p=0.036) and the age of onset of alcohol consumption (B=-0.431 p=0.001). Regarding to the psychosocial factors it is noticed that the variables that can influence in that the consumption of alcohol is presented in 19.5%, they are the self-esteem (B=-5.63E-02, p=0.003) and stress events (B=167E-02, p=0.029).↓Os objetivos propostos para a presente pesquisa foram: conhecer a prevalência do consumo de álcool, explicar a relação existente entre os fatores de risco pessoais (demográfico e trabalhista) e o consumo de álcool e dar a conhecer o vínculo dos fatores de risco psicossociais (auto-estima, eventos estressantes e estados de ânimo afetivos) com o consumo de álcool em 440 mulheres adultas da área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, durante o ano de 2007. Este é um estudo de tipo descritivo, correlacional, onde 75% da mostra assinalaram haver consumido álcool alguma vez na vida; também 64,5% das mulheres mencionou haver feito no último ano. Com relação à prevalência de álcool no último mês, observa-se uma proporção de 26,4% das participantes. Encontrou-se uma diferença significativa de idade (χ2=6,29; p=0,043), estado civil (H=47,30; p<0,001), ocupação (U=6761,0; p=0,001) e tipo de trabalho (χ2=18,43; p=0,005) segundo o consumo de álcool das mulheres, de acordo com a escala TWEAK. Conforme o anterior, os fatores pessoais que podem predizer o consumo de álcool em una pessoa em 39,8% são: o estado marital (B=-0,414; p=0,036) e a idade de inicio do consumo de álcool (B=-0,431; p=0,001). Entretanto, os fatores psicossociais que podem influir em 19,5% das mulheres entrevistadas são a auto-estima (B=-5,63E-02; p=0,003) e os eventos estressantes (B=0,167E-02; p=0,029).
其他摘要：The objectives raised in the present study were to know the alcohol consumption prevalence; to explain the existing effects of personal risk factors (demographic and labor) with alcohol consumption. To explain the effects that exist of the psychosocial risk factors (that include:self-esteem, stress events and the affective mood) with alcohol consumption in 440 adult women, of the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, during the year of the 2007, for that it was carried out a descriptive and correlational type study. It was observed that 75% of the sample, referred to consume alcohol sometime in life, as well as 64.5% of women referred to consume alcohol in the last year, in relationship to the alcohol prevalence in the last month a proportion of 26.4% is pointed out in the participants. It was found a significant difference of the age (X2=6.29, p=0.043), marital status (H=47.30, p<0.001), occupation (U=6761.0, p=0.001), type or work (X2= 18.43, p=0.005) for the alcohol consumption in women according to the TWEAK scale. It is observed that the personal factors that can predict that a person consummates alcohol in 39.8% are the marital status (B=-.414, p=0.036) and the age of onset of alcohol consumption (B=-0.431 p=0.001). Regarding to the psychosocial factors it is noticed that the variables that can influence in that the consumption of alcohol is presented in 19.5%, they are the self-esteem (B=-5.63E-02, p=0.003) and stress events (B=167E-02, p=0.029).
