摘要：At the present time there is a strong demand from policy makers for reliable predictions of the effects of climate and land use changes on inundation risk, in order to meet the targets specified in the EU Water Framework Directive. Numerical models are a valuable predictive tool to support decision-making related to the implementation of water and flood risk management strategies. While a decade ago one-dimensional modelling was the most commonly used tool in inundation studies, at the present time the application of two-dimensional models to river inundation modelling is generalized. Combined with GIS tools, the water depth and velocity results of a 2D model can be efficiently combined with land use data in order to quantify the potential damages caused by a certain inundation. Nevertheless, in order to improve the reliability of the numerical predictions, a number of challenges should be addressed in current models, as: modelling the interaction between hydrodynamics, solid loads, and morphologic changes during extreme flood events; a correct characterisation of head losses and flow through bridges with complex geometries; the integration of hydrological and hydraulic models for a better consideration of boundary conditions; and the implementation of efficient parallelization techniques in order to reduce the computational time and increase the scale of the problems which can be addressed with 2D and 3D models.
其他摘要：At the present time there is a strong demand from policy makers for reliable predictions of the effects of climate and land use changes on inundation risk, in order to meet the targets specified in the EU Water Framework Directive. Numerical models are a valuable predictive tool to support decision-making related to the implementation of water and flood risk management strategies. While a decade ago one-dimensional modelling was the most commonly used tool in inundation studies, at the present time the application of two-dimensional models to river inundation modelling is generalized. Combined with GIS tools, the water depth and velocity results of a 2D model can be efficiently combined with land use data in order to quantify the potential damages caused by a certain inundation. Nevertheless, in order to improve the reliability of the numerical predictions, a number of challenges should be addressed in current models, as: modelling the interaction between hydrodynamics, solid loads, and morphologic changes during extreme flood events; a correct characterisation of head losses and flow through bridges with complex geometries; the integration of hydrological and hydraulic models for a better consideration of boundary conditions; and the implementation of efficient parallelization techniques in order to reduce the computational time and increase the scale of the problems which can be addressed with 2D and 3D models.
关键词：River inundation;Numerical modelling;river flow;Two-dimensional modelling;Sediment transport;Fluvial habitat;Inundaciones fluviales;Riesgo de inundación;Modelización numérica;Ríos;Modelos bidimensionales;Transporte de sedimentos
