出版社：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
摘要：Greece, in the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, is biogeographically and culturally a transition zone between the “east” and the “west”. Some of the older farming styles in it were considered as typical examples of an “oriental production style”. In the Greek state, these farming styles were considered as “outdated” and “backward” and the radical transformation of farming and the rural landscape was sought through intensification of agriculture and modernization of the rural society, a target accomplished by the 1970s and strengthened after the accession in the EU. Only recently, some of the features of older farming systems were reevaluated, in the light of negative environmental impacts of some modern farming styles. In this paper, the rural landscapes of Greece today are presented with a mention of the farming styles that have formed them, both “traditional” and “modern”. Some of the most important changes are discussed in an environmental management light via some examples: grazing management and forestry in the mountains; mixed and olive cultivation on the islands and southern Greece; and arable farming in the plains. The paper focuses on the visual and the environmental impacts of farming styles changes and briefly discusses possible future trends. The impacts are evaluated by empirical work, especially for the mixed farming and olive cultivation landscape and by the literature. The findings indicate that “traditional” farming styles did indeed have positive environmental impacts compared to “modern” ones and today some of their features could be used for sustainable rural landscape management.
