摘要：This paper aims at examining key issues that should be prioritized and dealt with by academic expertsin the next three to fve years, particularly for the purpose of supporting effective implementation of the ParisAgreement in the post-2020 period. The paper starts off with a section briefly illustrating the overallarchitecture and provisions of the Paris Agreement, followed by a section mapping out major themes underwhich remaining issues exist that should be overcome before countries start taking actions under ParisAgreement rules after 2020, and how researchers could contribute to resolving these remaining issues.Among the remaining issues, this article takes up the dimension related to governance of the ParisAgreement, covering agendas related to equity and transparency. Other major elements should be furtherelaborated by other articles in this special issue. The paper concludes by presenting recommendations to aJapanese audience as to how Japan should proceed in the post-2020 period under the Paris Agreement. Thereare two ways of looking at the world. The frst is the traditional image of the 20th century, where the economyis grounded in a stable fossil fuel supply, and emission reduction seems costly. The second is a new image ofthe 21st century, where emission reduction is considered an opportunity for change. The paper argues thatJapanese stakeholders and researchers are affected by the former image of the world, but they need to beaware of the transition, and start taking action today.
