期刊名称：Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology
电子版ISSN：2161-0525
出版年度：2016
卷号：6
期号：5
DOI：10.4172/2161-0525.1000408
语种：English
出版社：OMICS International
摘要：Most regulatory agencies assume that there is no safe level of exposure to carcinogens but that a threshold, or “safe” exposure level exists for non-carcinogens. However, recent discoveries have cast serious doubt on the validity of this concept. Five examples of non-carcinogens without an apparent threshold (neonicotinoids, dioxin, dieldrin, endocrine disruptors, and sulfhydryl-reactive metals) are presented. It is also clear by now that the threshold model for non-carcinogens may seriously underestimate actual risk. Risk assessments can no longer assume thresholds for non-carcinogens when the shape of the dose-response curve is linear at low concentrations. Risk management of such chemicals should be based on the ALARA principle (“as low as reasonably achievable”).
