期刊名称：International Journal of Sustainable Engineering
印刷版ISSN：1939-7038
出版年度：2017
卷号：10
期号：4-5
页码：241-249
DOI：10.1080/19397038.2017.1337254
语种：English
出版社：Taylor & Francis Group
摘要：AbstractWater is a key resource for all life. Recent droughts have also exemplified the importance for manufacturers to understand their impact on water resources. While most manufacturers typically know the amount of water they use in their facilities, they have little knowledge about the indirect effects they have on water resources. In this paper, the indirect impact from the automakers’ electricity use and work force on water resources is examined. Water withdrawal and consumption from electricity use by hypothetical but representative facilities around the world is quantified and analysed. Water withdrawal by the workers is also quantified and analysed. The results indicate that the water withdrawal and consumption by the workforce and caused by the use of electricity is larger than the direct water use and consumption in the facilities themselves.
