摘要：The fierce global competition and rapid technology development faced by manufacturing industry have been forcing enterprises to evolve at an unprecedented rate [1, 2]. In order to survive and succeed in such a turbulent and dynamic environment, enterprises are striving to improve their competencies to meet the requirements for rapid response to different market opportunities including massive customization of products, high product quality, low product cost, and rapid response services. Moreover, the sustainable concerns, not only on economy, but also on environment and society, also force enterprises to examine their strategies in the full lifecycle of the products/services and to engage in a new competitive climate.
