标题：Crise agroambiental, globalização e capacidade de inovação dos pequenos agricultores familiares no Sahel: um exemplo africano pertinente para o Brasil?
摘要：The agricultural and food crisis which hit Niger and other neighbour countries during the last years put once again under the limelight a certainregion of Africa, Sahel, which has been undergoing chronic difficulties for several decades (such as rain shortages, desertification and dramatic decrease of food production). Such a major ecological crisis, which for about forty years has been striking recurrently this part of the African continent cannot be pulled apart from the historical trend which is currently referred to with the generic term “internationalization” or “globalization”. This trend bears a particular violence upon the small farming communities that remain in the periphery of the system. Under different shapping, that is the same dynamics, in different ways, which is applied in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This paper does not term intend to look at this question with a general view but brings the indication of a particular case, in order to stimulate the reflection about other local realities, notably some of those which can be found in Brazil. It shows more specifically that small family farmers who are among the poorer and more marginalized ones in the world and who are also submitted to very severe natural conditions, seem to be able to react, under a limited but actual efficacy or to necessities and constraints which operate at a temporal and spatial scale that goes far beyond their structured daily habits. This situation raises a major theoretical question: do global responses solely exist for global mechanisms of domination? Or should a pertinent strategy also include local responses, drawing upon the small farmers’ innovation and initiative capacity?
其他摘要：The agricultural and food crisis which hit Niger and other neighbour countries during the last years putonce again under the limelight a certainregion of Africa, Sahel, which has been undergoing chronicdifficulties for several decades (such as rain shortages, desertification and dramatic decrease of foodproduction). Such a major ecological crisis, which for about forty years has been striking recurrently thispart of the African continent cannot be pulled apart from the historical trend which is currently referredto with the generic term “internationalization” or “globalization”. This trend bears a particular violenceupon the small farming communities that remain in the periphery of the system. Under different shapping,that is the same dynamics, in different ways, which is applied in Africa, Asia and Latin America.This paper does not term intend to look at this question with a general view but brings the indication ofa particular case, in order to stimulate the reflection about other local realities, notably some of thosewhich can be found in Brazil. It shows more specifically that small family farmers who are among thepoorer and more marginalized ones in the world and who are also submitted to very severe naturalconditions, seem to be able to react, under a limited but actual efficacy or to necessities and constraintswhich operate at a temporal and spatial scale that goes far beyond their structured daily habits. Thissituation raises a major theoretical question: do global responses solely exist for global mechanisms ofdomination? Or should a pertinent strategy also include local responses, drawing upon the small farmers’ innovation and initiative capacity?
关键词：crise agro-environnementale en Afrique ;capacité de réaction et d’innovation des petits agriculteurs familiaux ;les interactions entre le global et le local;crise agroambiental na África;capacidade de reação e de inovação dos pequenos agricultores
