标题：Comparison of hardiness, sociotropy and autonomy in team and individual sports and investigating the impact of these personality characteristics on sport achievement
摘要：AbstractThis study compared hardiness, sociotropy, and autonomy in team and individual sports and investigated the impact of these personality characteristics on sport achievement. 134 athletes (92 team, 42 individual, 88 males, 46 females) were included in this study. Participants completed the Hardiness Scale (HS) and the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (SAS). The athletes’ coaches were asked to rate the Sport Achievement Scale (SAS) in order to measure athletes’ sport achievement. The results revealed that team and individual sport athletes scored significantly higher on sociotropy and autonomy, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups on hardiness.
