摘要：AbstractAn access restriction system (Limited Traffic Zone), in operation from 6.30 a.m. to 6.00 p.m., has been implemented several years ago in the Rome centre to protect the extensive historical and artistic heritage. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of more flexible solutions, combining rationing and pricing policies, several surveys were carried out at night and daytime and demand models were calibrated to simulate possible rationing-pricing schemes. On the basis of such models, direct and cross elasticities of the different options have been analyzed, when a per-trip pricing scheme is applied to cars entering the central area. Elasticities have been evaluated using the “sample enumeration” method. Comparisons have been made between the elasticities of different user groups (systematic vs non-systematic users) and different periods of the day (daytime vs night-time). In daytime, trips made on an occasional basis result to be less elastic to pricing schemes, i.e. respond with behavioural changes relatively less, than trips made systematically. Night-time pricing schemes appear to be more effective in terms of congestion reduction than daytime pricing schemes.
