摘要：Expressive language of patients with aphasia has previously been studied through macrostructure (tasks of retell,summary, gist and lesson). Macrostructures account for the “ global meaning of the text and apply the mles ofdeletion, construction and generalization” (Ulatowska, Sadowska, Kordys & Kadzielawa, 1993). Retell is identifiedas a cognitively simple task, wherein the individual unfolds the events in the story as presented. Summary, on theother hand, consists of a more complex task of choosing salient points, deleting details, and reconstmcting the storyto produce a more generalized form. Producing the gist entails selecting the most essential idea in the story. Thelesson, on the other hand, is based on societal norms (i.e., advice regarding acceptable and unacceptable behavior).This is essential in determining literal or generalized comprehension of the story (Ulatowska, et. al., 1993;Ulatowska, Wertz, Chapman, Hill, Thompson, Keebler, Olness, Parsons, Miller, & Auther, 2001).
