摘要：AbstractFor a lot of researchers, international migration has particularly undergone a change during recent decades. In 2006, the recently released report by General Secretary of the United Nations on international migration and development suggested a “new era of mobility” which is characterized mainly by a non-permanent, or “circular migration”. Although the impact of circular migration on development is far from being determined, a current literature review suggests a growing optimistic tendency towards development. This optimism is based mainly on downfall of old migration structure in which emigrants are considered “a loss” for their countries (Southern country) and immigrants are therefore “won” by the country of destination (Northern country), entering through a direct influence of brain drain i.e. depreciation of human capital and consequently reduction of the economic growth of developing countries. In fact, today, emigrants and their children are key players in the development plans of many developing countries. In addition to the induced effect of brain drain as a stimulus to domestic education, the value of emigrants comes generally from their contribution from far (diaspora option), and also the huge benefits of their return back home (return option). Thus, circular migration implies a “brain drain” followed by a “brain gain” (feedback effect) where we find both the diaspora option and especially the return option, from which the economies of developing countries can benefit in terms of economic growth through technology transfer of their nationals in the North, including remittances, links to international trade and foreign investment and diaspora networks (diaspora option). Also another advantage is the physical return of nationals (return option).
