摘要：Agrammatic speakers have problems with grammatical encoding and decoding. However, not allsyntactic processes are equally problematic: present-time-reference/w/zo-questions/reflexives can beprocessed by narrow syntax alone and are relatively spared compared to past-time-reference/personal pronouns/which-questions that need additional access to discourse and informationstructures to link to their referent outside the clause (Avrutin, 2006). Linguistic processing thatrequires discourse linking is difficult for agrammatic individuals: reference to the past is moredifficult than to the present (Bastiaanse et al., 2011). The same holds for w/nc/z-questions comparedto who-questions and for pronouns compared to reflexives (Avrutin, 2006). These results were foundin different populations in different languages. The current study for the first time tested allconditions within the same population. The research questions were.
