摘要：AbstractThis paper comprehensively summarizes the research advancing the impact of highways on wildlife and the countermeasures used in China. By the end of 2011, the total length of highways and expressways in China was 4.1 million and 85,000 kilometers, respectively, and both are listed as the second longest road systems in the world. Wildlife biodiversity in China is listed as the eighth highest in the world, and thus the conflict between wildlife biodiversity and road systems has increased in recent years. In China, road mortality levels, wildlife road effect zones, wildlife migration and behavior differed between pre- and post-road construction activity. Road networks resulted in the fragmentation of wildlife habitat in multiple different regions in China. In response to this, countermeasures have consisted of route re-selection, locating suitable areas for wildlife crossing construction, and erecting wildlife warning signs along the roadside to alert drivers. However, such basic research efforts and recommendations have only recently begun in China, compared to western developed countries. As a result, the recommended countermeasures were often absent during road construction practices that were monitored in this study. We provide three major recommendations from our research findings in road wildlife ecology in China: 1.) develop and initiate basic studies in road wildlife research in China; 2.) develop multidisciplinary collaborations and co-operations during highway construction; and 3.) establish and strengthen international exchange and collaborations with western developed countries to advance the issue of road-wildlife ecology in China.
