摘要：AbstractHuman activities affect the environment in different ways with direct and indirect effects on ecosystems. The climate, the atmosphere, water and soil composition are changing. Nearly half the land surface has been modified, and over 40% of the ecosystems production is used in various purposes. Human actions are the cause of the VI major event of extinction of species, which induces radical changes in the interactions between the different components of the ecosphere. Understanding the structure, the functioning and changing of ecosystems under the impact of human activities, allows the evaluation of the consequences and taking the appropriate measures that are imposed. Correct and accurate information on the status and the evolution trends of ecological systems are necessary for this. This information can be obtained by carrying out effective and quality programs that try to answer a series of questions such as: Why? What? Where? When? And How? To measure parameters that allows characterizing ecosystems. Various types of media use the concept of “monitoring”. Scientists and managers talk about monitoring ecosystems, some populations, air, water and soil quality or pollution. So what is monitoring? Why? And How? to monitor. The information for different user categories is quantified through the processing and analysis of empirical data. In the case of natural resources, monitoring involves repeated measurements and for an unlimited period of time of the resources or the parameters of interest. Monitoring is done for the following reasons: to detect trends, to investigate the impact of an event, and to determine the basic conditions.
