摘要：Figures Tables Authors Philippe Glorennec 12 * Jean-Paul Lucas 3 Anne Etchevers 2 Youssef Oulhote 12 Corinne Mandin 23 Joël Poupon 4 Yann Le Strat 5 Philippe Bretin 5 Francis Douay 6 Barbara Le Bot 12 Alain Le Tertre 5 1 École des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP) Sorbonne Paris Cité Avenue du professeur Léon-Bernard 35043 Rennes Cedex France 2 Irset (Institut de recherche sur la santé, l’environnement et le travail) INSERM UMR 1085 Avenue du professeur Léon-Bernard 35043 Rennes Cedex France 3 Université Paris-Est Centre scientifique et technique du bâtiment (CSTB) Champs-sur-Marne France 4 Hôpital Lariboisière (AP-HP) Laboratoire de toxicologie biologique 2, rue Ambroise Paré 75010 Paris France 5 Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS) 12, rue du val d’Osne 94410 Saint-Maurice France 6 ISA Lille Laboratoire génie civil et géoenvironnement (LGCgE) 48, boulevard Vauban 59046 Lille Cedex France * Tirés à part Key words: dust, lead poisoning, paint, soil, drinking water DOI : 10.1684/ers.2014.0751 Page(s) : 28-37 Published in: 2015 Exposure levels to environmental lead have dropped significantly over the past years in France. It nevertheless remains a public health concern due to the high prevalence of exposure and the absence of any known threshold for effects. The objectives of the Plomb-Habitat project were to identify the sources of lead in French dwellings, their associations with blood lead levels, and to test both measurement techniques and methods for identifying lead sources. For the first time in France, environmental measurements, conducted in 484 households representative of the 3.6 million dwellings with at least one child aged six months to six years, have made it possible to describe the lead contamination in tap water, settled dust, paints, outdoor playgrounds, common areas, and traditional ceramic dishes as well as traditional cosmetics. With the Saturn’Inf survey of the prevalence of childhood lead poisoning, Plomb-Habitat has also helped to: i) identify the environmental determinants of blood lead levels, ii) study how the determination of isotopic ratios of lead in environmental compartments and blood can help to identify exposure sources, and finally iii) compare the information provided by the analysis of total and leachable fractions of lead. The development of a model to predict blood lead levels may help to set guideline values for lead in drinking water, settled dust, and outdoor soil. This corpus of data and results can now be used as a foundation for public decision-making in on-going efforts to reduce children's lead exposure.
关键词：dust; lead poisoning; paint; soil; drinking water
