摘要：Context.WithHerschel, we can for the first time observe a wealth of high-J CO lines in the interstellar medium with a high angular resolution. These lines are specifically useful for tracing the warm and dense gas and are therefore very appropriate for a study of strongly irradiated dense photodissocation regions (PDRs).Aims.We characterize the morphology of COJ= 19–18 emission and study the high-J CO excitation in a highly UV-irradiated prototypical PDR, the Orion Bar.Methods.We used fully sampled maps of COJ= 19–18 emission with the Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on board theHerschelSpace Observatory over an area of ~110′′ × 110′′ with an angular resolution of 9′′. We studied the morphology of this high-J CO line in the Orion Bar and in the region in front and behind the Bar, and compared it with lower-Jlines of CO fromJ= 5–4 toJ= 13–12 and13CO fromJ= 5–4 toJ= 11–10 emission observed with theHerschelSpectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE). In addition, we compared the high-J CO to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission and vibrationally excited H2. We used the CO and13CO observations and the RADEX model to derive the physical conditions in the warm molecular gas layers.Results.The COJ= 19–18 line is detected unambiguously everywhere in the observed region, in the Bar, and in front and behind of it. In the Bar, the most striking features are several knots of enhanced emission that probably result from column and/or volume density enhancements. The corresponding structures are most likely even smaller than what PACS is able to resolve. The high-J CO line mostly arises from the warm edge of the Orion Bar PDR, while the lower-Jlines arise from a colder region farther inside the molecular cloud. Even if it is slightly shifted farther into the PDR, the high-J CO emission peaks are very close to the H/H2dissociation front, as traced by the peaks of H2vibrational emission. Our results also suggest that the high-J CO emitting gas is mainly excited by photoelectric heating. The COJ= 19–18/J= 12–11 line intensity ratio peaks in front of the COJ= 19–18 emission between the dissociation and ionization fronts, where the PAH emission also peak. A warm or hot molecular gas could thus be present in the atomic region where the intense UV radiation is mostly unshielded. In agreement with recent ALMA detections, low column densities of hot molecular gas seem to exist between the ionization and dissociation fronts. As found in other studies, the best fit with RADEX modeling for beam-averaged physical conditions is for a density of 106cm−3and a high thermal pressure (P∕k=nH×T) of ~1–2 × 108K cm−3.Conclusions.The high-J CO emission is concentrated close to the dissociation front in the Orion Bar. Hot CO may also lie in the atomic PDR between the ionization and dissociation fronts, which is consistent with the dynamical and photoevaporation effects.
关键词：Key wordsenISM: individual objects: Orion BarISM: lines and bandsphoton-dominated region
