摘要：Precision agriculture requires efficient utilization of energy resources (inputs) that has been becoming one of the key research areas with high spirits to improve the crop production and farmer CropIncome successively. In this regard, few studies have been conducted by analyzing the crop data of developed countries and still lacks compulsory research in South Asia region (Pakistan, India) that is dire need as the region is considered the leader of the wheat production. This study was devoted to estimating the energy efficiency (Inputs-outputs) and assessment of the causes of wheat inefficiency and proposed solutions. A primary data of 200 wheat growing farmers from Punjab, Pakistan was collected, assessed and subsequently analyzed by most authenticated parametric and non-parametric tools. During the first stage, a non-parametric approach (e.g., Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA) was effectively utilized that submitted a significant difference between efficient and non-efficient farmers mainly due to excess use of fertilizers, biocides, and diesel fuel. Similarly, in the second stage, the analysis was performed by using a parametric approach (e.g., Socioeconomic factors) and results suggested that education, farming experience, and subsidies are statistically significant and were greatly contributed in high Crop-Income. Contrary, dependency burden departed high stress which ultimately caused low crop Yield. We hope that our study recommendations can be highly useful to boost the wheat-Income in the region of South Asia which could drastically enhance the economy of the farmers.
关键词：Energy use efficiency;sustainability;parametric and nonparametric tools;wheat production;data envelopment analysis
