摘要：The current socio-economic environment can be best charac-
terised as complex, uncertain and vulnerable. For example, natu-
ral disasters, terrorist attacks, job losses and distress, labour dis-
putes and strikes, and digital crime have become more frequent,
and perhaps more intense, causing significant disruptions in the
supply chain as well as losses for households, firms and govern-
ments. This raises challenges for supply chain (SC) and operations
managers, business owners, policy makers and other stakehold-
ers (e.g. [3–5,10,13,16,19,20] ). To this end, supply chain and oper-
ations managers are required to respond with more realistic and
efficient models in the decision making process and employ strate-
gies for establishing a robust and well-designed supply chain that
would enable businesses to deploy associated contingency plans
efficiently and effectively when facing a disruption [1,2,6,11,15,18] .
Additionally, governments and the wide public and private sectors
need to adapt to logistic challenges and re-asses their strategic
plans to ensure supply chain resiliency and sustainability to with-
stand external shocks, uncertainty and emerging threats and chal-
lenges.
