Introduction: Due to the importance of the relation between neurological and behavioral dis-orders, this study was designed to compare the frequency of Neurological Soft Signs (NSS) and their different domains between a group of male prison inmates and a group of male non-prisoner subjects.

Method: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 351 male prison inmates (including 54 with monet- ary crimes, 74 with violent crimes, 71 with non-violent crimes, 72 with crimes related to addiction, and 80 with crimes related to debauchery) were randomly selected, and were compared to 80 non-prisoner males using a demographic questionnaire and a neurological assessment measure.

Results: The total NSS score was higher in prisoners than in non-prisoners. The difference was most evident in the domains of sensory integration, eye movements and glabellar tap reflex. Non- violent, addiction related, and monetary subgroups showed the most and the violent subgroup showed the least difference from the non-prisoner group.

Conclusion: A uniform relation between NSS and the type of crime in different groups cannot be expected.