摘要：Based on the idea of that particle decay represents nothing but a kind of thermodynamic process due to its spontaneity, we here explore a new kind of heat engine: particle Carnot engine (PCE), which satisfies Carnot’s theorem. The result shows that any single particle carries its quantized intrinsic entropy, and the total entropy never decreases for any decay process. Particle thermodynamic laws analogous to the usual ones are proposed, among which the momentum conservation principle is specially introduced that will determine the irreversibility of particle decay. Moreover, we also develop the operational definitions of particle state functions, including Boltzmann relationship, which can be used to discuss the thermodynamic properties of particle objects. Thus, our study can provide a new theoretical framework to investigate particle physics.
