摘要：Previous DEA studies have provided useful managerial information on improving the productivity of managers’ organizations. This study tries to clarify the implicit assumptions of Ruggiero’s (1998) three-stage DEA model and the data fitness that was overlooked in the three-stage-DEA. However, the model is extended to avoid possible bias or faulty results. As such, the distinct extended features are presented and discussed. With the presented features and a designated procedure including normality test, practitioners and researchers can apply this work to other related managerial applications as well as cited areas.
