摘要：Correlation sonar, which estimates the velocity of vessel utilizing the principle of waveform invariance, can achieve the sampling of the horizontal spatial correlation of sea-bottom reverberation. The horizontal spatial correlation can be expressed as a correlation function and is affected by sea-bottom characteristics. The expression of the correlation function of the sea-bottom reverberation is derived, which is written as the convolution of the autocorrelation function of transmitted signal, the cross-correlation function of the backscattered impulse response from a plane interface, and the autocorrelation function of the probability density function of the sea-bottom roughness. The isotropic interface roughness of the sea-bottom leads to a circular planform of the correlation function whose width varies with roughness. The anisotropic interface roughness of the sea-bottom leads to an elliptical planform of the correlation function whose major axis is in the direction of weaker roughness. Simulation of submarine reverberation and correlation function verifies this conclusion. The model for the spatially covariant field is used to estimate the backscattering cross section which varies with azimuth angle under the condition of anisotropic seafloor roughness. It should be noted that the horizontal spatial correlation of reverberation is also related to sonar parameters and other sea-bottom characteristics.
