摘要：The human body is colonized by an enormous population of bacteria (microbiota) that provides the host withcoding capacity and metabolic activities. Among the human gut microbiota are health-promoting indigenousspecies (probiotic bacteria) that are commonly consumed as live dietary supplements. Recent studies arestarting to provide insights into how probiotic bacteria sense and adapt to the gastrointestinal tract environment.In this Review, the application of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics using the well-recognized model probioticbacterial genera Lactobacillus from gut of silk worm Bombyx mori has been discussed as examples. Recentresearches have demonstrated that probiotics can prevent pathogen colonization of the gut and reduce theincidence or relieve the symptoms of various diseases caused by dysregulated immune responses. Therefore,probiotics, through their effects on the host immune system, might ameliorate diseases triggered by disorderedimmune responses. Caveats remain and, because the beneficial effects of probiotics can vary betweenstrains, the selection of the most suitable ones will be crucial for their use in the prevention or treatment ofspecific diseases.
