标题：Enhancement of large-scale flood risk assessments using building-material-based vulnerability curves for an object-based approach in urban and rural areas
摘要：In this study, we developed an enhanced approach forlarge-scale flood damage and risk assessments that uses characteristics ofbuildings and the built environment as object-based information to representexposure and vulnerability to flooding. Most current large-scale assessmentsuse an aggregated land-use category to represent the exposure, treating allexposed elements the same. For large areas where previously only coarseinformation existed such as in Africa, more detailed exposure data arebecoming available. For our approach, a direct relation between theconstruction type and building material of the exposed elements is used todevelop vulnerability curves. We further present a method to differentiateflood risk in urban and rural areas based on characteristics of the builtenvironment. We applied the model to Ethiopia and found that rural floodrisk accounts for about 22% of simulated damage; rural damage isgenerally neglected in the typical land-use-based damage models, particularly at this scale. Our approach is particularly interesting for studies in areaswhere there is a large variation in construction types in the buildingstock, such as developing countries.
