摘要：The failure to recognise integrated social-ecological systems in the marine environment has resulted in thedepletion of ocean resources, which negatively impacts resource-dependent communities. 1-4 Coastal communitiesthat rely on fisheries are subjected to an array of political, regulatory, socio-economic and biophysical stressors 5 ,and remain exposed to multiple stressors 6-9 at various temporal and geographical scales. Response strategies tothese changes, broadly classified as either reacting, coping or adapting (see supplementary material for a definitionof concepts used in this paper), are also influenced by actions at multiple scales. 10-12 Fishing as a livelihood iscomplex and dynamic, and concerns not only individuals but also households or groups attempting to make a livingto meet various nutritional and economic needs. .
