摘要：With the advent of entrepreneurial orientation literature both strategic aspect of human resource management and entrepreneurial activities in the organizations have been among the most remarkable subjects of research papers. In the literature, the effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) on SMEs innovation performance has been extensively examined. The latest papers started to extensively investigate the effects of third variables in this relationship. Also, in recent years some researchers have studied and shown significant interactions between Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and innovation performance. In this study, we focus on the important role of the competitive environment on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and SMEs innovation performance. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and data were collected from the SMEs that operate in different industries in Nigeria. The collected data from questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS and PLS software programs. Analyses results indicated that competitive environment moderated the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and SMEs innovation performance.
