摘要：AbstractBackgroundFruit and vegetable (FV) intake is recommended for the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). FVs are also an important source of exposure to pesticide residues. Whether the relations of FV intake with CHD differ according to pesticide residue status is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of high- and low-pesticide-residue FVs with the risk of CHD.MethodsWe followed 145,789 women and 24,353 men free of cardiovascular disease and cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) at baseline and participating in three ongoing prospective cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS: 1998–2012), the NHS-II (1999–2013), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS: 1998–2012). FV intake was assessed via food frequency questionnaires. We categorized FVs as having high- or low-pesticide-residues using a validated method based on pesticide surveillance data from the US Department of Agriculture. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of CHD in relation to high- and low-pesticide-residue FV intake.ResultsA total of 3707 incident CHD events were identified during 2,241,977 person-years of follow-up. In multivariable-adjusted models, a greater intake of low-pesticide-residue FVs was associated with a lower risk of CHD whereas high-pesticide-residue FV intake was unrelated to CHD risk. Specifically, compared with individuals consuming ConclusionsOur data suggested exposure to pesticide residues through FV intake may modify some cardiovascular benefits of FV consumption. Further confirmation of these findings, especially using biomarkers for assessment of pesticide exposure, is needed.Highlights•Whether exposure to lower levels of pesticides has any deleterious effect on coronary heart disease (CHD) is unknown.
关键词：AbbreviationsBMIbody mass index;CHDcoronary heart disease;CVDcardiovascular disease;FFQfood frequency questionnaire;FVsfruits and vegetables;HRshazard ratios;PDPPesticide Data Program;PRBSPesticide Residue Burden Score;USDAUS Department of Agriculture;Pesticide residues;Fruits and vegetables;Coronary heart disease
