摘要：AbstractIn this paper, a modular equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) framework for hybrid vehicles is proposed. The approach is based on applying the dual decomposition to the ECMS optimal control problem. This allows the optimal control problem to be decomposed into smaller optimization problems related to each of the subsystems, for which an analytical solution exist. An energy management system operator is introduced to iteratively update the Lagrange dual variables and to coordinate the optimization problems related to each subsystem to the global optimum. The modular ECMS is demonstrated on a multi-modal hybrid vehicle that can operate in two electric, a parallel hybrid and a series hybrid mode. Simulation results show that the modular ECMS can solve the optimal control problem for each of these operating modes by only modifying the connectivity matrices in the energy management system operator. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that only 40 iterations are necessary for fuel reduction performance, which is suitable for real-time implementation.
