摘要：Many past genetic and ecological studies on wild organisms around Chernobyl have demonstrated significant genetic, physiological, developmental, fitness and population effects resulting from exposure to radioactive contaminants. Similarly, several studies on biological impacts of radiation have also been conducted since the Fukushima accident, including on genetic damage, abnormality rates and population abundance. In Fukushima Prefecture, increased morphological abnormalities have been observed in some wild organisms (e.g., butterflies, gall-forming aphids, firs and red pines). Radionuclide-contaminated soil or marine water has also had physiological impacts on mortality in butterflies and goshawks as well as on blood components in marine birds and Japanese monkeys. Moreover, population censuses of birds, butterflies and cicadas have indicated that the abundance of these species declined significantly with increased levels of radiation. Overall, these impacts on wild organisms from radiation were detected within two to three years after the accident. Apart from the direct impact of radiation, biota monitoring inside and outside the evacuation zone in Fukushima Prefecture has shown that populations of some wild animals and insects have also been affected by decontamination activities and/or the large-scale evacuation. Hereafter, it will be increasingly significant to continue monitoring biota in land and coastal areas of Fukushima Prefecture, and more detailed studies of the impact on wild organisms from radiation are also needed.
关键词：ecosystem; evacuation zone; impact of radiation; wild organisms
