摘要：We report relations between inner (<1 au) super Earths (planets with mass/radius between Earth and Neptune) andouter (>1 au) giant planets (mass >0.3 M J , or cold Jupiters) around Sun-like stars, based on data from bothground-based radial velocity (RV) observations and the Kepler mission. We find that cold Jupiters appear threetimes more often around hosts of super Earths than they do around field stars. Given the prevalence of the superEarth systems, their cold Jupiters can account for nearly all cold Jupiters. In other words, cold Jupiters are almostcertainly (∼90%) accompanied by super Earths. A few corollaries follow: (1) around metal-rich ([Fe/H] > 0.1)stars, the fraction of super Earths with cold Jupiters can rise to 60% or higher; (2) the inner architecture can bestrongly impacted by the outer giant and we report some observational evidence for this; (3) planetary systems likeour own, with cold Jupiters but no super Earths, should be rare (∼1%). The strong correlation between super Earthsand cold Jupiters establish that super Earths and cold Jupiters do not compete for solid material, rather, they sharesimilar origins, with the cold Jupiter formation requiring a somewhat more stringent condition. Lastly, we proposea few immediate observational tests of our results, using ground-based RV observations and ongoing/plannedspace missions.
关键词：methods: statistical;planets and satellites: general;planetary systems
