摘要：Forest stock volume is an important factor for evaluating the status of forest resources and management level of the forest. It is also an important index to evaluate the ability of the forest to reduce the risk of climate change. Standing timber volume is the basis for accurate assessment of forest stock volume. In order to quickly and accurately measure the volume of standing timber and solve the problems and shortcomings of the traditional measurement methods of volume, this paper presents non-contact and nondestructive method of measuring tree height and volume, which uses CCD as a measuring tool and takes measuring principle of close-range photogrammetry as a basis. The method obtains the photograph by the CCD camera and the exterior element, when the photograph is shot by the total station’s goniometry and ranging function, and takes surface, which crosses the center of the tree and is perpendicular to the main optical axis of the camera, as the solution surface. Extracting coordinates of feature points of standing timber in the photograph, calculates diameter at any height of standing timber, which achieves measurement of height and volume of standing timber under the model of single-photo solution and multi-photo solution of correction and merging. In order to simplify the operational procedures of the field, through the observation of one pole and 160 standing timber, the optimal observation distance of this method is 15 m, and the optimal observation angle is 0°, and the accuracy of the single-photo mode is better than the multi-photo mode of correction and merging. The results show that the precision of tree height measurement method is 98.41% and the measurement accuracy of volume is 98.01%, which can meet the precision requirements of forestry investigation. This provides a new idea of data acquisition for the establishment of timber volume tables and forestry surveys, which is of some reference value.
关键词：CCD SmartStation;Photogrammetry;Volume of standing timber;Tree height
