摘要：When Dave Wager feels a tree, he gets a glimpse into the past. As we trudge through a forest in the mountains of western Montana, the extent of this history becomes apparent. Surrounding us is a tall stand of ponderosa pines, their thick, red bark attesting to their age, which Wager estimates to be 300 years old. Their size and color are the defining features of the forest, but it is the younger, more abundant Douglas-fir trees that now dominate the understory. Stopping beneath an old ponderosa, we examine the debris left from Wager’s latest harvest: a young Douglas-fir that had taken up residence a few yards from the giant pine.
