摘要：The present study investigated wastewater quality of Sadkal oil and gas exploration, Pakistan. For this purpose, produced water/wastewater samples were collected from of Sadkal oil exploration and production unit, and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, including physical parameters, anions and heavy metals. Anions such as bromide (Br), fluoride (F), chloride (Cl), nitrite (NO_2), nitrate (NO_3), and sulfate (SO_4) were measured using Ion Chromatograph (Metrohm, 800 series). Heavy metals, including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn), were determined by the atomic absorption spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, AAS-PEA-700). Wastewater quality was compared with the national environmental quality standards (NEQs) set by Pakistan's environmental protection agency (Pak EPA). Pond's treatments were observed effective for certain wastewater contaminants. Wastewater showed a decreasing trend for organic contents, and anions including F, Br, SO_4, NO_3 and NO_2, while an increasing pattern for the COD and BOD from inlet to outlet. Anions and heavy metals showed multifold higher values than the Pak EPA NEQs of wastewater, except SO_4. This study suggests the improvement of pond treatment facility to minimize and control the contamination's levels and avoid the potential risks.
关键词：Heavy metals;anions;wastewater;oil and gas exploration
