标题：IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES ON THE REGENERATION OF CHIR PINE （PINUS ROXBURGII) FORESTS IN DISTRICT SWAT, PAKISTAN
摘要：Anthropogenic activities in forest ecosystems are a threat to the sustainability of forest resources as well as biodiversity in numerous parts of the world. The Natural resources in Hindu Kush valley especially the Subtropical Chir Pine Forest is deteriorating but is rather ignored. We have formulated this study to evaluate natural regeneration of Pine forests in relation to environmental factors and anthropogenic disturbances in various sub divisions of Swat, KPK Pakistan. The study site was classified in to two major divisions i.e. Closures and non-Closures Data was collected on various growth and regeneration parameters as affected by environmental (Altitude, slope and stand density) and anthropogenic (grazing) Factors. Results revealed stand density, slope aspect and elevation had significant effects on the regeneration. The only difference recorded outside the closed sites was that there were less numbers of natural regeneration due to insufficient and less care. Grazing pressure was the most important anthropogenic factor influencing regeneration of the Pinus roxburghii seedlings that revealed less number of seedlings as compared to closure site. The study concluded with the need for more plantation campaigns and adoption for suitable grazing management strategies to promote successful regeneration.
关键词：Pinus roxburghii;regeneration;Forest Management;Seedling regeneration;Anthropogenic variables on seed regeneration;Environmental variables on seed generation
