标题：Improving Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Rice by Changing Crop Establishment Methods, Application of Microbial Inoculations, and Zn Fertilization
摘要：A field experiment was conducted during the wet seasons of 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effect of three rice establishment methods: viz. puddled transplanted rice (PTR), system of rice intensification (SRI) and aerobic rice system (ARS), two cyanobacteria based inoculants, viz.Anabaena sp(CR1) +Providencia sp(PR3) consortium andAnabaena–Pseudomonas(An‐Ps) biofilm formulation, and zinc (Zn) fertilization on the rice yield, water productivity, and nutrient use efficiency. The yields of rough, brown and milled rice were highest in SRI, which was on par with PTR and both methods proved significantly superior to ARS in both years. The total water productivity of rough and brown rice in the first year was significantly higher in SRI. The SRI method saved 21.9% and 27.4% irrigation water over PTR, and savings in ARS were 37.4% and 50.8% in first and second year respectively, over PTR. The use of An‐Ps biofilm formulation along with 75% RDN improved the agronomic use efficiency of both nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers applied. On the basis of the present study, it can be concluded that SRI improved rice yields and water productivity; while involvement of An‐Ps biofilm formulation can be recommended for improved nutrient use efficiency.Globally, improving water and nutrient use efficiency of cropsis gaining significance, particularly the rice–wheat cropping system, which consumes a large share of both water and nutrients. System of rice intensification and aerobic system of rice cultivation are promising options to enhance the total water productivity over the conventional method of puddled transplanted rice. The additional use of microbial inoculation augments the nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency by 27% and 32%, respectively, and overall, along with 75% recommended dose of nutrients, increases the system yield by 6.65%.
关键词：aerobic rice systemmicrobial inoculantssystem of rice intensificationwater productivityzinc fertilization
