摘要：The purpose of this study was to determine swimming duration during breaststroke swimming at a fixed distance swim or if the fixed distance could not be completed, time to exhaustion in swimming beginners with three different head positions: (a) with the head held above the water throughout the stroke cycle; (b) breathing normally in line with breaststroke stroke coordination; and (c) with the face submerged, and breathing occurring ad libitum via a snorkel. Thirteen preschool swimming beginners (5 girls; ages 6 years ± 8 months, height 120 ± 6 cm, body mass 24 ± 5 kg) were asked to swim breaststroke as long as possible in three different conditions. Swimming duration was evaluated by converting swim time to a score on an eleven-point scale. Swimming duration scores were higher when swimming with the face submerged and breathing through a snorkel compared with either holding the head above the water or with normal breaststroke breathing. However, due to similar stroke lengths swimming efficiency did not differ between the trials with the different head positions.. It could be concluded that head position significantly influenced breaststroke swimming duration in swimming beginners. Children were able to swim for longer and hence had a higher swimming score when the face was submerged and breathing occurred ad libitum through a snorkel compared with holding the head above water or when breathing in time with breaststroke. However, swimming efficiency was unaffected by the three head positions.
其他摘要：Pri plavalnih začetnikih smo želeli ugotoviti zmogljivost plavanja prsnega z glavo v treh različnih položajih, kot so: (a) glavo so imeli med plavanjem ves čas dvignjeno, (b) glavo so dvigovali in spuščali usklajeno z zaveslaji in (c) plavali so s potopljeno glavo in dihali skozi dihalko. Trinajst predšolskih plavalnih začetnikov (od tega pet deklet; starost 6 let ± 8 mesecev, višina 120 ± 6 cm, teža 24 ± 5 kg) je trikrat plavalo prsno kar se da dolgo, vsakič z glavo v drugem položaju. Trajanje njihovih plavanj smo s pomočjo enajst stopenjske lestvice pretvorili v točke. Plavalni začetniki so dosegli statistično pomembno višje točke, ko so plavali s potopljeno glavo tako v primerjavi z usklajenim gibanjem glave, kot tudi v primerjavi z dvignjeno glavo. Dolžina zaveslaj se med plavanji z različnimi položaji glave ni spreminjala. Glede na dobljene rezultate lahko zaključimo, da je položaj glave značilno vplival na plavalno zmogljivost plavalnih začetnikov. Otroci so bili sposobni plavati najdlje, ko so imeli glavo potopljeno in so dihali skozi dihalko. Glede na podobne dolžine zaveslajev, različni položaji glave niso različno učinkovali na učinkovitost plavanja.
关键词：Learning; Teaching; Body position; Children; Swimming
其他关键词：učenje; poučevanje; položaj telesa; otroci; plavanje
