摘要：We report on the X-ray observations of the eclipsing polar HY Eri (RX J0501–0359), along with its photometric, spectrophotometric, and spectropolarimetric optical variations, collected over 30 years. With an orbital period of 2.855 h,HY Erifalls near the upper edge of the 2–3 h period gap. After 2011, the system went into a prolonged low state, continuing to accrete at a low level. We present an accurate alias-free long-term orbital ephemeris and report a highly significant period change by 10 ms that took place over the time interval from 2011 to 2018. We acquired a high-quality eclipse spectrum that shows the secondary star as a dM5–6 dwarf at a distanced = 1050 ± 110 pc. Based on phase-resolved cyclotron and Zeeman spectroscopy, we identify the white dwarf (WD) inHY Erias a two-pole accretor with nearly opposite accretion spots of 28 and 30 MG. The Zeeman analysis of the low state spectrum reveals a complex magnetic field structure, which we fit by a multipole model. We detected narrow emission lines from the irradiated face of the secondary star, of which Mg Iλ5170 with a radial velocity amplitude ofK′2= 139 ± 10 km s−1(90% confidence) tracks the secondary more reliably than the narrow Hαline. Based on the combined dynamical analysis and spectroscopic measurement of the angular radius of the WD, we obtain a primary mass ofM1 = 0.42 ± 0.05M⊙(90% confidence errors), identifying it as a probable He WD or hybrid HeCO WD. The secondary is a main sequence star ofM2 = 0.24 ± 0.04M⊙that seems to be slightly inflated. The large distance ofHY Eriand the lack of similar systems suggest a very low space density of polars with low-mass primary. According to current theory, these systems are destroyed by induced runaway mass transfer, suggesting thatHY Erimay be doomed to destruction. Over the last 30 years,HY Eriexperienced high and low states with mass transfer rates that differed by three orders of magnitude, varying betweenṀ≃ 10−9M⊙yr−1and 10−12M⊙yr−1. At a galactic latitude of −26.1°, it is located about 500 pc below the galactic plane.
关键词：ennovaecataclysmic variableswhite dwarfsbinaries: closebinaries: eclipsingstars: magnetic fieldsstars: individual: HY Eridani
