摘要：Achieving energy security by preventing and timely eliminating the consequences of accidents at energy facilities and in energy supply systems of enterprises is one of the important tasks of energy management. The basis for planning appropriate energy security measures is the prediction of damage from these accidents. The purpose of forecasting is to assess the possibility of an accident occurring at some point in time and leading to a particular damage, and to assess the magnitude of this damage. The article proposed methodological approaches to the construction of mathematical models of such prediction. In this case, as an indicator of damage, the economic losses caused by these accidents are taken. The simulation is based on the representation of this indicator in the form of a step change function of the magnitude of losses in the event of an accident. Depending on the amount of information available in the period prior to forecasting, the mathematical representation of the forecasting problem is reduced to the construction of conditionally determined or stochastic models. Conditionally determined models allow obtaining acceptable damage estimates with a short period of retrospection and small amounts of information, and stochastic models with significantly large amounts. At the same time, the principle of “maximum uncertainty” formalized in the form of maximum entropy is the basis for removing uncertainty in the construction of both conditionally determined and stochastic models. Its use has allowed increasing the objectivity of forecasts by minimizing the subjective information used in modeling. The proposed approaches to the construction of mathematical models for predicting accidents at energy facilities and power supply systems of enterprises are the basis for creating specific techniques for solving relevant energy management tasks both at the micro level at the scale of individual enterprises and at the macro level at the scale of industries, regions and the state as a whole.
