摘要：AbstractThe orchidDendrobium officinaleis a medicinal herb that has increasingly been in demand in recent years. It is mainly used for medicinal purposes, and other functional products from it are rarely developed. Here, the volatile organic compound (VOC) composition and functional characteristics of the solid powders and solvent extractives ofD. officinalewere expounded, and the laws of thermal weight changes of group and surface microstructures were revealed. Many beneficial constituents were detected in the VOCs from powders of the root, stem, and leaf ofD. officinale. The roots, stems, and leaves were rich in vitamin E and heptacosane, which can be used as nutritional supplements. The root also contains rich glycerol, can be used as a sweetener and absorbent; the stem is rich in dimethyl phthalate, which can be used to produce mosquito repellent oil; and the leaves contain abundant aldehydes, which can serve as food additives and a component of orange flavoring. However, the root also contains a trace amount of pyrrole (0.09%), which could be used as a negative indicator for the quality evaluation ofD. officinale. In addition, many other beneficial VOCs have been detected in extractives ofD. officinale, such as phytol, melezitose, hexadecanoic acid, associated esters, and other bioactive components. The total content trend is: ethanol extractive > phenylethanol extractive > petroleum ether extractive, suggesting that the ethanol extractive has the best development prospect. The infrared spectroscopy analysis showed thatD. officinalecontains aromatic compounds, organic acids, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and alkanes. It was further confirmed that the alkanes detected in the volatile compounds ofD. officinaleare natural components ofD. officinale,and it was shown that an extraction of organic solvents can cause subtle compound group variation. During the heat loss ofD. officinale, there were three distinct stages: 30 °C–130 °C, 130 °C–400 °C, 400 °C–600 °C. The order of quality loss is: second stage > last stage > first stage. The microscopic influence of extraction treatment onD. officinaleand the characteristics of microstructural changes showed that the microscopic surface structure characteristics of solid particles ofD. officinale, including aggregation degree, shape uniformity, and structure size, are slightly changed.
