摘要：Pluvial or flash floods generated by heavy precipitationevents cause large economic damage and loss of life worldwide. As dischargeobservations from such extreme occurrences are rare, especially on the scaleof small catchments or even hillslopes, data from artificial sprinklingexperiments offer valuable information on runoff generation processes,overland and subsurface flow rates, and response times. We conducted 132large-scale sprinkling experiments on natural hillslopes at 23 sites withdifferent soil types and geology on pastures and arable land within thefederal state of Baden-Württemberg in south-western Germany. Theexperiments were realized between 2016 and 2017. Simulated rainfall eventsof varying durations were based on (a) the site-specific 100-year returnperiods of rainfall with different durations and (b) the maximum rainfallintensity observed locally. The 100 m2 experimental area wasdivided into three individual plots, and overland and subsurface flow, soilmoisture, and water level dynamics in the temporarily saturated soil zonewere measured at 1 min resolution. Furthermore, soil characteristics weredescribed in detail for each site. The data were carefully processed andcorrected for measurement errors and combined into a consistent and easy-to-use database. The experiments revealed large variability in possiblerunoff responses to similar rainfall characteristics. In general,agricultural fields produced more overland flow than grassland. The lattergenerated hardly any runoff during the first simulated 100-year event oninitially dry soils. The data set provides valuable information on runoffgeneration variability from natural hillslopes and may be used for thedevelopment and evaluation of hydrological models, especially thoseconsidering physical processes governing runoff generation during extremeprecipitation events. The data set presented in this paper is freelyavailable from the FreiDok plus data repository athttps://doi.org/10.6094/UNIFR/151460 (Ries et al., 2019).
